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中消协发布消费提示：使用人工智能服务需谨防误导！_我的网站

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    File picture of US Capitol. Photo: VCG
The US Senate on Friday overwhelmingly approved a bill that would impose sanctions on buyers of Russian oil, a measure that had long been championed by the late senator Lindsey Graham before his death last month, CNBC reported. A Chinese expert criticized the legislation, warning that if implemented, the bill, driven largely by political motives aimed at catering to US domestic political correctness, could severely disrupt the already fragile global energy market and economy. He also noted that the bill is essentially a tool of political coercion, weaponizing tariffs and unilateral sanctions to hijack normal global energy trade and override sovereign economic choices of independent nations.
The legislation, named The Lindsey O. Graham Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act of 2026, aims to hurt Russia's war effort in Ukraine by penalizing purchasers of Russian oil and Russian leaders. It passed with bipartisan support 86-11 and will now proceed to the House, which is on recess until September, per CNBC.
The bill would impose tariffs of up to 100 percent on countries that are among the top five purchasers of Russian crude oil or gas, which includes China and India.
It also includes sanctions targeting Russian leaders, officials, targeting Russian leaders, oligarchs and financial institutions. At the request of US President Donald Trump, the bill extends sanctions on Iran's weapons and energy sectors, CNBC reported.
Notably, the bill's excessive tariff discretion has sparked fierce internal doubts within US political circles. Representatives Gregory Meeks of New York and Don Beyer of Virginia said in a statement they still had "fundamental concerns" about the tariff powers for the president, who has made them a central piece of his "America First" approach to foreign policy.
"What the bill does grant ... are sweeping new tariff authorities that the president could weaponize with abandon, as he has repeatedly done in the past," said Meeks, the top Democrat on the House Foreign Affairs Committee, and Beyer, the senior Democrat on the Joint Economic Committee, according to Reuters.
Chinese experts have strongly criticized the bill's politically driven nature, its economic coercion, and its severe spillover risks to the global economy.
The bill, aimed at putting pressure on Russia, would disrupt global energy markets and create new uncertainties for the world economy if implemented, Yang Jin, associate research fellow at the Institute of Russian, Eastern European and Central Asian Studies under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told the Global Times.
Many economies retain legitimate, market-based energy cooperation with Russia out of practical economic and energy security needs. Russia's energy exports have long been a key component of the global energy system, with countries including India and some European nations continuing to rely on Russian oil and gas, said Yang, noting that even some European countries have received exemptions to maintain energy imports from Russia, underscoring the role of Russian supplies in supporting economic stability.
India's reliance on Russian crude increased further after the conflict in West Asia disrupted shipping through the Strait of Hormuz. With Gulf supplies affected during the US war on Iran, Indian refiners turned more heavily towards Russian oil as an alternative source, Indian media Hindustan Times reported on Saturday after US Senate passed the bill.
When asked about the bill on July 15, Lin Jian, spokesperson from China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that China firmly opposes unilateral sanctions that have no basis in international law or authorization of the UN Security Council, and will take necessary measures to firmly defend the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese businesses and citizens.
Practicing double standards and resorting to coercion and pressuring will eventually prove to be self-defeating, said Lin.
Yang further pointed out that the push for the bill, labeled after Lindsey Graham, who was known as one of the toughest Russia hawks in Washington, lays bare Washington's distorted domestic political logic.
The legislation, which represents another typical case of US hegemonic long-arm jurisdiction, is largely designed to ease US domestic governance pressure. As the Trump administration fails to deliver substantive progress in de-escalating the Russia-Ukraine conflict as promised, ramping up external sanctions and forcing third-party sovereign countries into abandoning normal economic and trade cooperation has become a convenient political tool for US politicians to showcase tough posturing and ease domestic pressure, Yang said.
。          　　中国消费者协会今天(25日)发布人工智能服务消费提示，提醒广大消费者理性认识通用生成式人工智能的信息辅助和参考属性，对涉及价格费用、合同条款、售后服务、法律责任等重要消费信息，不宜仅依据人工智能生成内容作出决定，应通过经营者官方渠道、合同文本、监管部门及其他权威渠道进行核实确认。     　　目前，以大语言模型为核心的生成式人工智能技术正加速融入消费生活各类场景。人工智能在提升消费便利和服务效率的同时，因信息生成具有一定不确定性，可能出现信息不准确、表述不严谨、承诺与实际情况不一致等问题。     　　根据相关舆情和全国消协组织近期接收的相关投诉情况，人工智能服务引发的消费问题大体可分为两类：      　　一、通用生成式人工智能：      　　应明确参考属性，防止误导消费决策      　　面向公众的通用生成式人工智能服务并非特定经营者的代言主体，其生成内容一般不能直接视为平台或商家的正式承诺，也不能替代合同约定及权威机构意见，主要发挥信息辅助和参考作用。     　　实践中，一些通用生成式人工智能在消费咨询和维权辅助过程中，可能出现对消费者遭受的损失作出缺乏依据的兜底承诺，对诉讼结果作出过度确定性判断，甚至生成并不存在的款项缴存、案件办理等虚假信息。     　　消费者可能据此作出错误的退费、维权、诉讼等决定，不仅影响正常消费决策和依法维权，还可能造成经济损失。     　　对此，中消协建议：      　　在涉及金融理财、生活服务、维权决策等与消费者重要权益密切相关的场景中，开发者应通过适当方式提示人工智能生成内容的局限性，提醒消费者对重要信息进一步核实;      　　同时，持续优化模型准确性，完善内容审核、风险预警和纠错机制，提升答复质量，尽可能减少错误信息和容易引发误解的内容，降低消费者因过度依赖人工智能生成信息而遭受损失的风险。     　　二、经营者部署的人工智能客服：      　　不能因技术介入弱化经营者责任      　　经营者自行部署的人工智能客服工具，是其经营服务链条的组成部分。     　　实践中，一些人工智能客服可能出现价格费用说明与实际不一致、优惠活动规则解释不准确、重要限制条件提示不足等问题;在发生争议后，个别经营者还可能以“人工智能自动生成”“系统自动回复”等为由，逃避应承担的责任。     　　《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》规定，经营者对消费者就其提供的商品或者服务的质量和使用方法等问题提出的询问，应当作出真实、明确的答复。

B |      　　对此，中消协敦促部署人工智能客服工具的经营者加强审核和管理，确保人工智能客服提供的信息与商品服务实际情况、价格费用、活动规则、合同约定和售后政策保持一致，并提供便捷有效的人工客服和纠纷解决渠道。     　　对于人工智能客服在经营服务过程中向消费者作出的涉及价格、费用、售后等重要答复，不能仅以“算法自动生成”等理由简单免责，更不能通过相关声明不合理减轻或者免除依法应承担的责任。

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